Understanding dementia
Dementia is a progressive condition that affects cognitive skills such as memory, language and decision-making abilities. It changes how people interact with the world around them, often slowly at first, but more significantly over time. Eventually, many individuals living with dementia require daily support - and continence care often becomes part of that support.
Learning about the early symptoms and care approaches is key for caregivers exploring the best ways to support their loved ones or patients. That's why it's important to understand dementia: The signs, how the condition develops and what support looks like at each stage.
Why dementia and incontinence often go hand in hand
As dementia progresses, the brain's ability to manage daily tasks - including recognizing the need to use the toilet - can be affected. Incontinence may result from difficulty communicating, physical challenges or forgetting where the bathroom is. This is often referred to as functional incontinence.
Did you know?
- Around 73% of people with dementia live at home.
- About one-third experience daytime incontinence.
Recognising the stages of dementia - and what they mean for continence
Dementia typically develops in three stages. Each stage brings its own challenges to continence care.
Early Stage: Awareness is fading.
- People may feel confused or threatened by changes in their abilities.
- Forgetfulness and difficulty making decisions are common.
- Incontinence may not yet be present, but monitoring is essential.
Middle Stage: Needs are increasing.
- Disorientation increases; people may struggle to recognise familiar environments.
- Help with hygiene and toileting becomes necessary.
- Accidents may start to occur, especially if cues or bathroom access are unclear.
Late Stage: Total care may be required.
- Individuals may no longer recognise caregivers and relatives or understand what's happening.
- Full incontinence is likely.
- Support shifts to maintaining comfort, skin health and dignity.
What causes incontinence in dementia?
Incontinence can be caused by:
- Disorientation and reduced awareness of the need to use the toilet
- Limited mobility or restrictive clothing
- Urinary tract infections or other medical conditions
- Medication side effects
That's why a full continence assessment is important – it helps identify physical and environmental causes that can be managed or improved.
Supporting continence with dignity
Focus on the individual
Incontinence care for people with dementia is never one-size-fits-all. A personalised care plan makes a big difference - taking into account the type of dementia, living situation, mobility, skin health and personal preferences. If you're wondering about how to care for someone living with both cognitive decline and incontinence, personalisation is the key.
Create predictable routines
Routines help reduce stress and confusion. Regular toileting schedules, environmental cues (like signs or lighted paths) and consistent caregiver presence can promote continence and comfort.
Choose the right products
Selecting the right incontinence products is essential - for comfort, skin protection and discretion.
- Pull-up pants offer independence for those still mobile
- All-in-one products with fixation provide extra security for more dependent users
- Bed protection and skincare should be considered part of the solution
ABENA's wide range of products includes options for every situation, with breathable materials, secure fits and Top-Dry Technology to support skin health.
Be aware of skin health
People with incontinence - especially when paired with dementia - are more prone to skin issues like incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD).
- Clean the skin gently and promptly after each episode
- Use pH-balanced, perfume-free cleansing products
- Moisturise regularly and use barrier creams where needed
When a conversation becomes difficult
Talking about incontinence can be emotionally charged - especially when the person doesn't understand or accept what's happening. Support the person with empathy and patience. Involve them in their own care where possible and avoid language that could be shaming or confusing.
If the person resists using incontinence products, consider:
- Introducing products gradually
- Opting for discreet solutions like pull-up pants
- Using fixation products if removal is an issue
Every person is different - and it's our job as caregivers and professionals to meet them where they are, with understanding and respect.
Want to know more?
Our continence care experts are ready to support you. Contact us for product guidance and best practices for working with people living with dementia.
Whether you're exploring long-term planning or day-to-day strategies, understanding the link between dementia care and continence support can make it easier to create a more comfortable and reassuring environment for everyone.
Contact us to speak with one of our specialists.